Many immigrants who move to the U.S. later in life wonder if they can receive Social Security benefits, especially if they haven’t worked in the country for many years. While most U.S. citizens qualify by earning at least 40 work credits (about 10 years of employment), some immigrants may still be eligible under specific conditions. The key factors determining eligibility include work history, international agreements, and residency status.
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Requirements
To qualify for Social Security, workers in the U.S. need to accumulate 40 credits. In 2024, one work credit is earned for every $1,730 in wages, and a maximum of four credits can be earned per year. This means someone working in the U.S. for about 10 years can typically qualify.
However, immigrants who arrive at age 65 or older often do not meet this requirement. In such cases, there are alternative ways to qualify:
- Totalization Agreements – Some immigrants can combine their U.S. work history with work history from their home country.
- Spousal or Dependent Benefits – If an immigrant is married to someone who qualifies, they may receive benefits through their spouse.
- Supplemental Security Income (SSI) – Some low-income immigrants may qualify for this federal assistance program.
Totalization
For those who do not have enough U.S. work credits, totalization agreements can help. These agreements prevent workers from being taxed for Social Security in two countries while also allowing them to combine work credits from both nations to qualify for benefits.
For example, if an immigrant worked in both Italy and the U.S. but didn’t qualify for full Social Security benefits in either country, they can combine their work history from both to become eligible.
As of now, the U.S. has totalization agreements with 31 countries, including:
| Country | Country | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Australia | Belgium | Brazil |
| Canada | Chile | Czech Republic |
| Denmark | Finland | France |
| Germany | Greece | Hungary |
| Iceland | Ireland | Italy |
| Japan | Luxembourg | Netherlands |
| Norway | Poland | Portugal |
| Slovak Republic | Slovenia | South Korea |
| Spain | Sweden | Switzerland |
| United Kingdom | Uruguay | Austria |
If an immigrant is from one of these countries, they may be able to combine work credits and receive Social Security benefits, even if they don’t have 40 credits in the U.S.
Spousal
For immigrants who do not meet the work credit requirement, another option is receiving benefits through a spouse. If an immigrant is married to someone who qualifies for Social Security, they may be eligible to receive spousal benefits.
Additionally, widows or widowers may qualify for survivor benefits if their deceased spouse met the work requirements. The benefit amount typically depends on the spouse’s earnings record.
Payments
The good news for eligible immigrants is that Social Security benefits can be received even if they choose to retire outside the U.S. However, certain restrictions apply, depending on the country of residence. Some countries may limit or reduce payments, so checking with the Social Security Administration (SSA) is crucial before making retirement plans abroad.
For those considering applying, it’s best to contact the SSA or a financial advisor to determine eligibility and estimate the benefits they may receive. Planning ahead ensures financial security during retirement.
FAQs
Can immigrants receive Social Security?
Yes, if they meet work credit requirements or qualify through agreements.
What is a totalization agreement?
It allows workers to combine U.S. and foreign work credits for benefits.
Can immigrants receive benefits through a spouse?
Yes, spousal and survivor benefits are available under certain conditions.
How many countries have totalization agreements?
The U.S. has agreements with 31 countries to help workers qualify.
Can I receive Social Security while living abroad?
Yes, but restrictions may apply depending on the country.
